DENTAL CARIES (Tooth decay or Tooth cavities)
Tom had always been good looking and it
was a fact that he was very aware much aware of. He knew he was good looking
and revelled in the knowledge so much he became unbearable to live with. Tom
lost a lot of his friends due to his pride and obnoxious attitude but he did
not notice. He had Fred, who was also as intimidatingly handsome like him and
almost as unbearable. Tom began to put life in perspective when Fred was
diagnosed with cancer in high school and died after struggling with it for
close to a year. The doctors said he had gotten to the last stage before they
found out. Tom had been distraught but he had also learnt that life was really
vain and all the beauty in the world is not what adds meaning to life but the
life one touches on the way. He had after all seen Fred become a shadow himself
before finally kicking the bucket.
When Tom discovered the patches grow on his
teeth, he was scared karma had finally caught up with him like it did his
friend, and he had developed cancer to pay for all the times he treated people
badly. His mother had to practically drag him to the hospital because he didn’t
want his fears to be confirmed. However, after a visit to the doctor, he was
soon to find out that it was merely tooth decay that had caught with him for
all those years spent not taking care of his teeth. He didn’t have cancer, he
had Dental Caries.
What is Dental Caries?
Dental Caries is basically tooth decay
or tooth cavities. It is the major oral disorder in most countries; it has to
do with the breakdown of the teeth due to the activities of bacteria. The
bacteria produce acid that destroys the tooth's enamel and the layer under it, called
the dentin. Different bacteria usually lives in the human mouth, they are built
up on the teeth in sticky biofilm called a plaque. Bits of the food we eat,
especially sugar are what feed these bacteria to grow more than normal. In
consequence, dieting often in simple sugar is a high risk of tooth cavities.
However, what happens to cause tooth decay is if the mineral build-up of saliva
is less than the breakdown. Thus, conditions like diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's
syndrome, diabetes insipidus, sarcoidosis, some medications such as antihistamines
and antidepressants that decrease saliva production are high risk factors of
tooth decay. Stimulants, most especially methylamphetamine and the active
chemical substance in cannabis, also causes almost total prevention of the
production of saliva. Caries can also attack the roots of teeth should they
become exposed by gum recession. The disease is mostly found in older adults.
Signs and Symptoms
A person suffering from Dental Caries
may not be aware initially. The first sign would be the physical changes that
would occur on the teeth. Usually, a small patch of soft enamel appears at the
tooth surface, although it is often hidden from sight in the grooves of the teeth
or in between the teeth. The colour of the small patch could range from black
to white. How this works is that as this is left untreated, the teeth begin to
break down gradually before finally a cavity appears that would completely
change the shape of the teeth. Before a cavity comes into the picture, the
regeneration can be reversed and the bacteria affecting the teeth killed but if
after a cavity is formed, it cannot be reversed. Other signs and symptoms
include tooth ache, difficulty chewing, numb teeth (whereby the affected teeth
would no longer hot or cold), and foul breathe in some extreme cases.
Prevention
The good news is that like many
diseases, tooth cavities can be prevented.
·
The most obvious way to
prevent tooth cavity is proper dental hygiene. Brush your teeth twice a day and
do it properly, not hurriedly.
·
Another way is to avoid
diets with simple sugar as much as you can
·
Use fluoride. Some
water sources naturally contain fluoride but the availability is limited. Many
types of toothpaste fortunately contain fluoride. If yours doesn’t, you might
want to invest in one that does.
·
Pit and fissure sealant
is also another way of preventing caries. A sealant is a thin plastic-like
coating applied to the chewing surfaces of the teeth to prevent the access of
plaque and plaque acids to the enamel surface.
Diagnosis
Sometimes caries may be directly visible
but most times, they are hidden. So it would take more than using the physical
eyes to see the small patches on the teeth.
·
Dental mirror and
explorer a good light source can be used to detect caries on the noticeable
surface of the teeth. Although some dental experts have advised against using
dental explorers, especially sharp-ended explorer.
·
Dental radiography
(X-ray) is used for the less noticeable areas of the teeth and to ascertain the
degree of destruction.
·
Lasers for detecting
caries make it possible to spot the decay without ionizing radiation and they are
now used for detection of interproximal decay (between the teeth).
·
Disclosing solutions
are also used during tooth restoration to minimize the chance of recurrence.
Treatment
·
In the early stage, the
tooth decay can be stopped and even reversed. Fluorides and other preventive
measure like sealants can help reverse decay.
·
When the tooth is
degenerated, it would take a dentist to repair it. The standard treatment for a
cavity is to fill the tooth. Depending on the method used, numbing the affected
area might be required. If a drill is used, the dentist will numb the area. If
a laser is used, a numbing shot is not usually required. The decayed material
in the cavity is removed and the cavity is filled.
·
However, if a cavity is
large, the residual tooth may not be able to support enough filling material to
repair it. In this situation, the dentist will remove the decay and cover the
tooth with a ceramic inlay, onlay or artificial crown.
·
If the bacteria further
attacks the pulp deep into the root of the teeth, then it would require root
canal treatment, which involves removing the pulp and replacing it with an
inert material. In many cases, the tooth will need a crown.
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